Exam Review 2

How are genes regulated?
What is an operon?
How are operons regulated?
What is a regulon?
What is quorum sensing?
Know viral replication from start to finish?
What are the parts of a virus-not bacteriophage
Where do viruses reside in the body?
What is reverse transcriptase, how is it used and when?
What is a retrovirus? What makes it special?
Know what a positive and negative virus is?
What are the stages of viral cellular infection? What are the names of leaving, staying or just hanging around.
What is a point mutation? What are the 4 types?
What are the three ways of lateral gene flow (movement of genes from one organism to another)?
What is the difference between a F+, F- and Hfr strain?
What is the proofreading system? What are the three enzymes necessary for the system?
What is the SOS system and when/how is it activated?
What is a plasmids.
What is the instrument that sterilizes items called?
You can kill organisms by three methods? What are they?
When you remove all life, you do what?
What are the two methods of testing antibiotics for bacterial resistance or susceptibility. Be able to explain methods and how answers are read and called.
In killing bacteria, what agents are put on skin and what agents are put on surfaces?
How do you severely damage a protein?
Name at least three ways of bacterial resistance to antibiotics? How are these passed between organisms?
What are two categories of activity antibiotics can have on bacteria?
Know how antibiotics are grouped and the name of a chemically modified drug.
What is a beta- lactam drug and what does it do to kill the bug?
Name at least 3 products obtainable from microbial industry.
How is industrial micro performed and under what conditions.
What is the difference between primary and secondary metabolites?
What is at least one example in which gene manipulation affects industrial microbiology?
How do you make ethanol and vinegar?
What is biotechnology?
How would you prepare human insulin in a bacterium?
Know expression gene, reporter gene and shuttle vector?
What is cDNA and how is it made?
Know what replication, transcription and translation are? If you are making DNA from DNA, the enzyme is called ___dependent____polymerase. If DNA for RNA, what is the name. If RNA from DNA?
What is reverse transcriptase? Restriction enzyme, and reverse translation
What is the basis of cloning? Shotgun cloning?
What is a vector? A BAC and YAC ? a library?
What is PCR? Primer? Probe?
What was important energy source on primitive earth?
How do they determine Domains at this time?
What Prokaryotic RNA subunit is used?
Know difference between phenotype, genotype and phylogeny and taxonomy.
What is the naming of genus and species?
What is endosymbiosis?
What is a species?
What is DNA-DNA hybridization?, Ribotyping? Signature sequence?